Finding Articles

(and Reports, Book Chapters, etc.)

Scholarly / Popular

How can you tell the difference between and scholarly and popular periodicals? The table shown below lists some differences between scholarly and popular sources.

For examples, see the Inflite tutorial.

Browsing Journal Titles

Browse or search for online history journals to which the library subscribes:

• History Journals Online
  Alphabetical listing of all electronic full-text journals to which IUPUI University Library has access. Use when you would like to search or browse a specific journal that is not necessarily in the field of history or when you already have a specific citation and want to see if the article is available online.

Browse listing of all (print and onle) history journals to which the library subscribes:

• School of Liberal Arts Library Journals Database (Available inside Cavanaugh Hall and University Library only)
  "The Liberal Arts Journals database contains journal titles to which the University Library subscribes from the resources account for Liberal Arts." (from website) To see which History journals IUPUI subscribes to, go to the Search by a specific Liberal Arts Department: menu and select History, and then select Individual Report. This will yield a listing of all History journals. The listing is updated at the beginning of the fiscal year.

Browse and search for Open Access (freely available to all) history journals listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals.

Searching Article Databases

Background

University Library subscribes to hundreds of article indexing databases which are available to you on campus or from home once you have logged in with your user ID and password. These databases are important because they allow to search for articles by keyword, topic, title, author, etc. Remember, a library catalog such as IUCAT will allow you to search for journal titles, but will not allow you to search for specific articles within the journal.

Search Tips

To find out which databases are most likely to have the kinds of articles that will be helpful to you, check the "Database Descriptions", "Title List", or other "information" or "about" options available in a particular database. See the section below on Suggested Databases for History specific databases.

Before you start entering any search terms, spend a few minutes trying to think of as many relevant terms and combinations of terms as you can. This will help you to avoid getting stuck in a rut with the first terms that come to mind.

If you need help in coming up with terms, you may want to try the databases' "Thesaurus" or "Subject Headings" features.

Check out the "Help" or "Search Tips" to learn some of the search features specific to that database. Most databases provide similar features, but the methods may vary.

Try the databases' Advanced Search feature, which usually gives you the ability to search multiple fields (author, title, keyword, subject, etc) with one search and may offer additional ways to expand or limit your search.

If your first search strategy does not work, try another approach. Remember, too, that you can ask for Reference Help.

Suggested Databases

Full-Text, Abstract, and Citation Databases (Journals, Magazines, Book Reviews, and some Newspapers)

• Academic Search Premier (EBSCO)
  "Academic Search Elite offers full text for more than 2,000 serials, including more than 1,500 peer-reviewed titles. This multi-disciplinary database covers virtually every area of academic study. More than 100 journals have PDF images back to 1985. This database is updated on a daily basis via EBSCOhost." (from website)
• America: History and Life (EBSCO)
  An index with abstracts, may lead to full-text, All scholarly. Advanced search easily allows one to limit by time period, browse subject headings, and select the language of the article. American history only.
• Arts and Humanities Citation Index (1987-)
  Available through ISI's Web of Knowledge's Web of Science. This database features humanities citations from 1987 to the present. Features general, advanced, and cited reference searches.
• Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) History Journals
  Links to Open Access (or freely available) full-text, peer or editorial reviewed, history related journals. Includes various areas of history including US and non-US.
• Expanded Academic ASAP
  Includes citations and lots of full-text. Very general database, but includes articles from history, and sociology journals.
• Historical Abstracts (EBSCO)
  An index with abstracts, may lead to full-text, All scholarly. World, non-US history.
• Humanities Full-Text (via Wilson Web)
  Includes full text of social history. Good source for examining how various topics have been presented in literature throughout history as well as locating social history topics.
• Humanities Index International (EBSCO)
  "Humanities International Index is a comprehensive database covering journals, books and other important reference sources in the humanities. Produced by Whitston Publishing (an imprint of EBSCO Publishing), Humanities International Index provides cover-to-cover indexing and abstracting for over 2,000 titles and contains more than 2 million records." (from website)
• IngentaConnect
  Includes citations and lots of full-text. Very general database, but includes articles from history cross-disciplinary journals. Not all content is peer-reviewed, but you can limit your search to return only peer-reviewed items.
• J-STOR
  All full-text and scholarly articles. Presents the back-files or the complete run of important journals up to a relatively recent embargo date. No controlled vocabulary or subject headings used. May limit keyword search to abstract, title, full-text. This database is complemented well by the ProjectMuse journals. Please view this tutorial for guidance in searching within JSTOR.
• LexisNexis
  For more current full-text articles in newspapers and magazines search the News section of LexisNexis. Most articles are from late 1980's-present.
• Master File Premier (EBSCO)
  "Designed specifically for public libraries, this multidisciplinary database provides full text for more than 1,700 general reference publications with full text information dating as far back as 1975. Covering virtually every subject area of general interest, MasterFILE Premier also includes nearly 500 full text reference books, 84,774 biographies, 100,554 primary source documents, and an Image Collection of 202,164 photos, maps and flags. This database is updated daily via EBSCOhost." (from website)
• Periodicals Archive Online
  "Periodicals Archive Online is the new name for PCI Full Text - an archive of hundreds of digitised journals published in the arts, humanities and social sciences." (from website)
• Periodicals Index Online
  "Periodicals Index Online is the new name for Periodicals Contents Index - a database of millions of article citations published in the arts, humanities and social sciences, across more than 300 years." (from website)
• Project MUSE
  All full-text, all scholarly. Great deal of social history and literature sources and historiography based articles.

Newspaper Databases

• Historical New York Times (ProQuest Newspapers)
  Searchable online database which houses full-text digitized version of New York Times from 1860's-2004. Includes advertisements and images.
• Indiana Newsstand (ProQuest Newspapers)
  "Full-text coverage of major Indiana newspapers including the South Bend Tribune, and the Evansville Courier, plus selected coverage of other regional sources and indexing for the Indianapolis News and Star." (from the website)
• Indianapolis Star (via NewsBank)
  Online version of the Indianapolis Star, covering from 1/1/1999 to the present.
• LexisNexis
  For more current full-text articles in newspapers and magazines search the News section of LexisNexis. Most articles are from late 1980's-present.
• Los Angeles Times (ProQuest Newspapers)
  "Major daily newspaper from Los Angeles. With the nation's largest editorial department, it offers extensive coverage of national, international, and local news." (from website) Covers from 1985 to the present.
• McClasky-Tribune Collection (access via EBSCOhost Web link)
  "The McClatchy-Tribune Collection includes a 90-day archive of approximately 290 newspapers from the McClatchy-Tribune Information Services. This database is updated daily." (from website)
• Newspaper Source (access via EBSCOhost Web link)
  "Newspaper Source provides selected full text for nearly 30 national (U.S.) and international newspapers. The database also contains full text television & radio news transcripts, and selected full text for more than 200 regional (U.S.) newspapers. This database is updated daily via EBSCOhost." (from website)

Access

When you find a reference for an article by using a database:

In the record for the article, if there is an icon for the PDF of the article (PDF Full Text - or something similar), click on it and the PDF of the article will open. You can then read, print, email, or save it. (If you want to print, be sure to use the Adobe printer icon or you will only get blank pages.)

If there is a choice between PDF and HTML, use the PDF because it will look like a photocopy of the article. If you need to quote something from the article, you will be able to see the correct page numbers of the quote (which you will need when citing your sources). In most cases, the HTML version will not indicate page breaks and will sometimes not include graphics.

If full text is not an option in the database you are searching, there should be an "SFX" linking icon shown.

Clicking on this icon will lead you to a menu of Access options. Please see this brief Flash tutorial if you have questions about this menu.

If the article is not available electronically or in print through University Library, or if you are a Distance Education student and the article is only available in print, you can place an Interlibrary Loan for the article. When the article comes in (which usually takes at least a week), you will receive an email explaining how to access it electronically.

When you find a reference for an article from some source other than a database:

To find out if University Library has access to an article that you have found in a bibliography or some other source, you can:

Enter the citation (reference) information into Citation Linker. This should bring you to the Access menu. Please see this brief Flash tutorial if you have questions about this method.

Or

Check the Electronic Journal List to see if the journal and issue are available electronically. If not, search IUCAT by Periodical Title for the journal and check to see if University Library has access to the journal and issue you need. If you would like to see how to check IUCAT for access to journal holdings, please see this brief Flash tutorial.

Finding Books & Media

Library Catalogs

Library catalogs have been created to help you find out what a library has in its collection and where these items are located. IUCAT and WorldCat are two libraries catalogs that will be helpful to you.

IUCAT

IUCAT can be used to find out what is available in all of the Indiana University Libraries.

This catalog is open to the public, but as an IU student, staff or faculty member you have special privileges. For example, if you live near any of the Indiana University Libraries, you will want to log in so that you can use Request Delivery to request that books not available at your local IU campus library be delivered to the campus library of your choice.

Options for learning to use IUCAT features:

• Read the Help Topics
• Look at these brief Flash tutorials
  • Author Search 
  • Journal Search
  • Advanced Keyword Search
• Ask a Librarian to explain how to use IUCAT
• Experiment with IUCAT on your own

WorldCat

OCLC's WorldCat can be used to find out what is available in many public and university libraries in this country and in some other countries.

If you find a book, CD, DVD, or video in WorldCat that is not available through the Indiana University libraries, you can make an Interlibrary Loan request for the item. Keep in mind that it will usually take at least 7-10 days for the item to come in and these items must be picked up and returned to IUPUI University Library if you are an IUPUI student, staff or faculty member. If you are not able to pick up items at IUPUI, please make an Interlibrary Loan request through your local public library instead of through University Library.

Options for learning to use WorldCat features:

• Check the Help Feature
• Look at these brief Flash tutorials
  • WorldCat Subject Search
• Ask a Librarian to explain how to use WorldCat
• Experiment with WorldCat on your own

Some general search tips:

If you are searching by keyword or subject heading:

• Before you start entering any search terms, spend a few minutes trying to think of as many relevant terms and combinations as you can. This will help you to avoid getting stuck in a rut with the first terms that come to mind.

If you are searching by title:

• Leave out the first word of the title if it is a common article such as "the" or "an"
• If you are searching in WorldCat, do not include punctuation such as a ":"

Learn at least a few of the search features

• The most common one is Boolean searching:
  • using AND between terms to narrow the results to items containing both (or all) of the search terms
  • using OR between terms to expand the results to include items containing any one of the search terms

Subject Searching

Searching library catalogs by Subject Heading, rather than by Keyword, can help to target your search. The catalog records for most of the books and other items in IUCAT and WorldCat include Subject Headings that come from a list defined by the Library of Congress. This can be helpful because it narrows down the options for useful search terms, but you need to know the approved Subject Headings in order to take advantage of this system.

Options for finding/using applicable Library of Congress Subject Headings:

• Most library Reference departments will have a copy of the "Red Books" containing the Library of Congress Subject Headings
• WorldCat has a feature that allows searching for subject headings.
  • Go to the Advanced Search screen.
  • Or see the Flash tutorial on using this feature.
• When you do run across a catalog record for a book that is relevant to your topic, both IUCAT and WorldCat allow you to click on the hyperlinked subject headings to find more books on that topic.
• This Word document shows a list of some Subject Headings relevant to History topics.

Locating/Viewing

When you want to view an e-book:

Click on the link in the IUCAT record. For a demonstration, see the Viewing e-books Tutorial or ask for Reference Help.

When you want to find an item on the Library shelves:

University Library and many other academic libraries use the Library of Congress Classification System and Call Numbers, not the Dewey Decimal System that you may have seen at your local public library.

At the bottom of an IUCAT record, you will see the call number and basic location for the item as shown in this example:

If the location for an item in the University Library collection says "Stacks" the item will be on the:

• 3rd floor shelves if the call number starts with the letters A-N
• 4th floor shelves if the call number starts with the letters P-Z

Reference materials, Current Periodicals, Microforms, and Government Documents are all in the Reference Room on the 2nd floor.

IUPUI's Philanthropic Studies Library is on the 2nd floor.

DVDs are kept behind the Circulation desk on the 2nd floor.

Special Collections are on the Lower Level

Library Maps

E-Books

If you are looking for full-text books that can be accessed and read online, then e-books are for you. Most of our e-books can be found by title in our catalog, IUCAT, but they can also be accessed or browsed directly in the database through which they are provided.

E-Book databases

• ACLS History E-Book
  A fully searchable collection of high-quality books in the Humanities, recommended and reviewed by scholars and featuring unlimited multi-user. The majority of the titles are older but foundational works. Pages from the e-books are NOT designed for easy printing.
• Ebrary
  A multi-discipline collection of recent and older published books both scholarly and popular in nature. Workstation must have special, free Ebrary viewer downloaded to view the books. One can print multiple pages at a time and multiple users can view the same title at the same time.
• Google Book Search
  Google has photocopied and made available online thousands of books, both scholarly and popular, from libraries across the county. Some books can be viewed in full-text while others provide only snippets from the book. Because of the controversial (due to copyright issues) nature of the Google Book Search project you may want to make sure it is OK with your professor before using Google Book Search as means for class research.
• Net Library
  A multi-discipline collection of recent and older published books both scholarly and popular in nature. You can print one page at a time and only one user may view a specific title at a time.

Reference Materials

Print Reference Materials

This is a selected list of some of the more useful history print reference sources. Check IUCAT for more options. Keep in mind that you can search for a topic and add the terms Handbooks, manuals, etc.; Dictionaries; Encyclopedias; or Bibliography to your search. If you need to find an e-book, you can also add the keywords electronic resource. For help with searching IUCAT, please see Books/DVDs/CDs/Videos or Reference Help.

Note: All materials listed are found in the Reference Room and are listed in order by Library of Congress call number.

African History

• Encyclopedia of African History / Shillington, Kevin
  Examines the entire history of the African continent. Great starting point for further research. Contains alphabetic and thematic list of entries, bibliographic notes, and index. DT20 .E53 2005 v.1-v.3
• Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History / Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe and Dickson Eyoh
  One-volume look at Africa in the 20th century. Concise resource contains bibliographic notes, thematic list of entries, and index. DT29 .E53 2003
• Encyclopedia of Africa: South of the Sahara / Middleton, John
  A comprehensive examination of the southern 2/3 of Africa. Includes topical listings, along with bibliographies. Well-organized and easy-to-use. DT351 .E53 1997 v.1-v.4
• Reference Guide to Africa: A Bibliography of Sources / Kagan, Alfred and Yvette Scheven
  Extensive bibliography is an ideal starting point for researching African history. Includes primary, secondary, and reference sources. Indexed and split into topics. DT4 .K3436 1999

American History

• Encyclopedia of the United States in the Nineteenth Century / Finkelman, Paul
  Comprehensive look at 19th Century America. Includes numerous bibliographic notes, illustrations, maps, and systematic outline of contents. E169.1 .E626 2001 v.1-v.3
• Our Nations Archive: The History of the United States / Bruun, Erik and Jay Crosby
  Comprehensive one-volume chronological source of important American historical documents covering from pre-1492 to 1999. Ideal source for finding primary material. E173 .O77 1999
• Dictionary of American History / Kutler, Stanley I.
  Amazing ten-volume resource on American history containing substantial bibliographical notes, primary sources, a research assistance guide, and index. An ideal starting point for research paper assistance.
• American Political Leaders / Wilson, Richard L.
  Quality starting point for research on American political leaders. Highlights presidents, members of Congress, diplomats, and many others. Concise one-volume set includes bibliographic notes and index. E176 .W75 2002
• Encyclopedia of War and American Society / Karsten, Peter
  Examines the affect of war on American society. Extensive topical bibliographies provided in volume three. Includes primary documents and bibliographic notes. E181 .E634 2006 v.1-v.3
• The Harvard Guide to African-American History / Higginbotham, Evelyn Brooks, et. al.
  Bibliographic guide broken down into numerous topics. Contains resources that should please even the most serious scholar. Includes author index and CD-Rom. E185 .H326 2001
• Encyclopedia of the American Civil War / Heidler, David S. and Jeanne T. Heidler
  Quality topical source. Comprehensive topical encyclopedia containing bibliographic notes, glossary, chronology, index, maps, and officer and government personnel lists for the Union and the Confederacy. Volume five contains significant primary material in the form of over 40 sections of documents. E468 .E53 2000 v.1-v.5
• Term Paper Resource Guide to 20th Century U.S. History / Muccigrosso, Robert, Ron Blazek, and Teri Maggio
  Bibliographic resource chronologically covering major events in the United States from the Spanish-American War (1898) to the passing of NAFTA (1993). Contains list of entries, index, suggestions for term papers on each topic, and bibliographies broken down into categories based on type of source. Also includes citations for electronic and multimedia sources. Ideal starting point for further research. E741 .M83 1999
• Historical Statistics of the States of the United States : two centuries of the census, 1790-1990 / Dodd, Donald B.
  A census-focused compilation of state-level population, agriculture, and manufacturing data for the fifty states and the District of Columbia. Follows a chronological order and contains a glossary. HA214 .D63 1993

Asian History

• Encyclopedia of Asian History / Embree, Ainslie T.
  Covers the history of the Asian continent. Includes index, maps, and bibliographic notes. DS31 .E53 1988 v.1-v.4
• Encyclopedia of Modern Asia / Levinson, David and Karen Christensen
  Covers the modern history of the Asian continent, ranging from Turkey in the west to Japan in the east. Each volume includes maps, a reader's guide, and numerous bibliographic notes. Indexed. DS4 .E53 2002 v.1-v.6
• Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan
  Multi-volume set provides intimate look at Japan. More of a reference tool, rather than a research tool. Set does contain some bibliographic note. DS805 .K633 1983 v.1-v.9 w/ supplement
• Modern Japan: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Nationalism / Huffman, James L.
  Concise one-volume resource covers Japan from 1850 into today. Includes bibliographic notes and index. DS805 .M63 1998

Classical and Ancient Egyptian History

• Brill's New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World / Cancik, Hubert and Helmuth Scheider
  Comprehensive look at Ancient Greek and Roman worlds. Designed for the more serious scholar. Includes maps and bibliographic notes. Covers broader topics in great depth. Set only contains volumes one through seven, covers letters A through L. Subsequent volumes will be added at a later time. DE5 .N4813 2002 v.1-v.4
• The Oxford Classical Dictionary / Hornblower, Simon and Anthony Spawforth
  Ideal for quick-reference, this one-volume resource covers the ancient Greeks and Romans. Discusses both broad and specific topics and includes bibliographic notes. DE5 .O9 1996
• Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece / Wilson, Nigel
  Quality reference guide covering ancient Greek history. Bibliographic notes highlight this resource that is an ideal starting point for research. DF16 .E52 2006
• The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt / Redford, Donald B.
  Comprehensive look at the Ancient Egyptian world from a trusted source. Contains extensive bibliographic notes and features such as King Lists. Helpful topical resource tool. DT58 .O94 2001 v.1-v.3

European History

• Europe 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World / Dewald, Jonathon
  Comprehensive six-volume look at 300-plus years of European history. Ideal for finding research topics. Contains bibliographic notes. D209 .E97 2004 v.1-6
• Reader's Guide to British History / Loades, David
  This two-volume set aids research into British History by providing bibliographic notes for each topic covered. Ideal for helping find research topics. DA34 .R43 2003 v.1-v.2
• The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich / Zenter, Christian and Friedman Bedurftig
  A one-volume encyclopedia covering Adolph Hitler's Nazi Germany. Well-organized resource containing bibliography broken down into topics. DD256.5 .G76313 1997

Indiana History

• Reference Guide to Indiana
  Versatile quick-reference source containing dictionary, biographies of famous Hoosiers, chronology, an introduction to Indiana, and discussions of geography and history. Includes bibliographic notes and bibliography broken into topics. F524 .R4
• A Guide to Manuscript Collections of the Indiana Historical Society and Indiana State Library / Pumroy, Eric
  A useful guide for navigating the manuscript collections at the Indiana State Library and Indiana Historical Society. Broken into two alphabetical sections, one for the State Library and one for the Historical Society. Indexed. F526 .P85 1986
• Encyclopedia of Indianapolis / Bodenhamer, David J. and Robert G. Barrows
  Everything that is Indianapolis extensively covered through broad-topic essays, general entries, timeline, maps, and statistics. Includes subject guide and index. Phenomenal source on topic. F534 .I357 E63 1994
• Peopling Indiana: The Ethnic Experience / Taylor Jr., Robert M. and Connie A. McBirney
  Comprehensive examination of Indiana's peoples. Broken down by Ethnic Groups which are further topically subdivided. Includes extensive bibliographic notes, index, and two appendices that are full of maps and statistics. Unique source that pools large amounts of hard-to-find information. F535 .A1 P46 1996

Medieval History

• An Annotated Index of Medieval Women / Echols, Anne and Marty Williams
  Unique bibliographic source for Medieval scholars. Covers Medieval women from 800 A.D. to 1500 A.D. Contains hard-to-find info, cross references, and biographical categories. CT3220 .A56 1992
• Dictionary of the Middle Ages / Strayer, Joseph R.
  Thirteen-volume set covers from approximately 500 A.D. to 1500 A.D. and includes a huge amount of info on topic. Contains bibliographic notes and a supplement that was published in 2004. Volume thirteen is the index for the set. D114 .D5 v.1-v.13 + supplement
• Medieval France: An Encyclopedia / Kibler, William W. and Grover A. Zinn
  Covers France from C.E. 500 to C.E. 1500. Features Pope + king lists, along with bibliographic notes and index. Great topical source. DC33.2 .M44 1995
• Medieval Germany: An Encyclopedia / Jeep, John M.
  Covers German and Dutch speaking people from C.E. 500 to 1500. Lists entries by categories, and includes bibliographic notes and index. Great topical source. DD157 .M43 2001
• Medieval Iberia: An Encyclopedia / Gerli, E. Michael
  Covers the Iberian Peninsula, comprised of modern-day Spain and Portugal, from 470 C.E. to 1500. Includes bibliographic notes and index. Provides lesser-known details on well-known topics. DP99 .M33 2003
• Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia / Meri, Josef W.
  This two-volume topical encyclopedia covers Islam from its beginnings in 622 C.E. to 17th century C.E. Excellent resource tool for time period. Includes bibliographic notes. DS36.85 .M434 2006 v.1-v.2

Middle Eastern History

• Encyclopedia of the Palestinians / Mattar, Philip
  Concise one-volume look the Palestinian people. Includes bibliographic notes, chronology, and index. DS113.6 .E53 2000
• Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East / Simon, Reeva S., Philip Mattar and Richard W. Bulliet
  This four-volume set covers 24 countries ranging geographically from Morocco to Afghanistan. In addition provides close looks at Arab-Israeli conflict. Includes bibliographic notes. DS 43 .E53 1996 v.1-v.4
• Dictionary of the Ancient Near East / Bienkowski, Piotr and Alan Millard
  Well-organized quick reference guide that covers lands of Mesopotamia, Iran, Anatolia, the Caucasus, the Levant, and Arabia from the period of 1.5 million years ago to 539 B.C. Bibliographic notes as make this a great source for further research. DS56 .D5 2000
• Iraq: A Bibliographical Guide / Bleaney, C.H. and G.J. Roper
  Great guide for in-depth research on relevant topic. Published in 2004, this resource provides a multitude of up-to-date citations and contains multiple indexes. DS79.65 .B54 2004

North American (Not specifically U.S.), Central American, and South American History

• The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia / Bedini, Silvio A.
  This two-volume set examines the Age of European Exploration, from late 15th century to mid 17th century. Includes bibliographic notes, maps, and an alphabetical list of entries. E111 .C774 1992 v.1-v.2
• Encyclopedia of North American Colonies / Cooke, Jacob Ernest
  Broken down into topics focusing on the colonization of North America. Contains substantial bibliographies on broad themes, a chronology, and an index. E 45 .E53 1993 v.1-v.3
• Great Events from History: North American Series / Magill, Frank N.
  This four-volume provides a chronological history of North America from 15,000 B.C. through the 1990's. Features a key word index, chronological topical category list, timeline, bibliographic notes, and index. E 45 .G74 1997 v.1-v.4
• Native Americans in the Twentieth Century: An Encyclopedia / Davis, Mary B.
  Comprehensive one-volume source on Native Americans in the 20th Encyclopedia. Includes numerous bibliographic notes and index. E76.2 .N
• UXL Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes / Malinkowski, Sharon, Anna Sheets, and Linda Schmittroth
  Past and present look at numerous Native American tribes. A large bibliography is provided, along with bibliographic notes, and index. Four volumes split into geographical areas. E76.2 .V85 1999 v.1-v.4
• Native American Women: A Biographical Dictionary / Bataille, Gretchen M. and Laurie Lisa
  Great topical source with a selected bibliography, a large number of bibliographic notes, and four useful appendices dealing with classifying entries into different topics. E98 .W8 B38 2001
• Encyclopedia of Mexico / Werner, Michael S.
  Comprehensive source on Mexican history. Includes numerous bibliographic notes and index. Extensive examination of topics will greatly aid the beginning, as well as the more seasoned researcher. F1210 .E63 1997 v.1-v.2
• The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerica Cultures / Carrasco, David
  Covers the history of Mesoamerica- designated as the southern 2/3 of Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, and parts of Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Includes numerous bibliographic notes, index, and synoptic outline of contents. Great starting point for research on this topic. F1218.6 .O95 2001 v.1-v.3
• Encyclopedia of Latin America History and Culture / Tenenbaum, Barbara A.
  Extensive five-volume history of Latin America. Topics range from broad to specific. Includes bibliographic notes, index, and appendix containing listing of biographies which are classified by profession or endeavor. F1406 .E53 1996 v.1-v.5

Wars

• History in Dispute Vol. 1: The Cold War
  Viewpoint and counter-viewpoint essays highlight this evaluation of the Cold War. Includes bibliographic notes, topical bibliography, and index. D20 .H543 2000 v.1
• World War II in Europe: An Encyclopedia / Zabecki, David T.
  Two-volume encyclopedia covering the European theatre of World War II. Separated into six topical sections and includes numerous tables, bibliographic notes, and multiple indexes. D740 .W67 1999 v.1-v.2
• Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History / Tucker, Spencer C.
  Extensive look at the Vietnam War, examining broader topics at length. Includes bibliographic notes. DS557.7 .E53 1998
• The Vietnam War: Handbook of the Literature and Research / Olson, James S.
  Ideal starting point for research on a popular topic. Well-organized source contains numerous citations broken down into topics. DS558 .V58 1993
• Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History / Tucker, Spencer C.
  Three-volume look at Korean War. This comprehensive set contains maps, timelines, glossary, index, and bibliographic notes. Ideal research aid for topic. DS918 .E53 2000 v.1-v.3

World History

• Notable Women in World History: A Guide to Recommended Biographies and Autobiographies / Adamson, Lynda G.
  Covers notable women in history with short descriptive entries that include bibliographic notes. Contains a chronological listing of women by date of birth and an index. CT3230 .A336 1998
• Chronology of World History / Mellersh, H.E.L
  Covers from pre-history through 1998 and provides a detailed timeline of history broken down into categories. Well-organized with multiple indexes. Aids in understanding how world history is connected. D11 .M39 1999 v.1-v.4
• Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations / Minahan, James
  Four-volume set covers the development of over 300 national groups from their beginnings to the present day. Includes appendices covering independence declarations and geographic distribution of peoples, along with bibliographic notes and an index. D860 .M56 2002 v.1-v.4
• Encyclopedia of Russian History / Millar, James R.
  Examines the entirety of Russian history. Comprehensive set includes bibliographic notes and index. Excellent starting point for further research. DK14 .E53 2004 v.1-v.4
• The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World / Esposito, John L.
  This four-volume at the Modern Islamic World is highlighted by excellent bibliographies. Great for further research. DS35.53 .O95 1995 v.1-v.4

Historical Dictionaries

Having trouble finding a topic for a paper? Need help researching a topic? Try These!

Below is a listing of historical dictionaries found in University Library's Reference Collection listed in order by Library of Congress Call Number. As a group, these dictionaries serve as outstanding topical quick reference guides, as well as being an ideal starting point for further research. In addition to containing a dictionary, chronologies and extensive outlined bibliographies that are subdivided into topics are included. Bibliographies are generally found at the back of each text, except for sources marked with an asterisk (*), which contain bibliographic references following each dictionary entry.

Australia and the South Seas

• Historical Dictionary of Oceania* DU10 .H57
• Historical Dictionary of Polynesia DU510 .C73 2002
• Historical Dictionary of Papua New Guinea DU740.5 .T87 2001

Africa

• Historical Dictionary of the Sudan DT155.3 .V64 2002
• Historical Dictionary of Pre-Colonial Africa DT17 .C65
• Historical Dictionary of South Africa DT1772 .S38
• Historical Dictionary of Libya DT214 .H34
• Historical Dictionary of Botswana DT2434 .R36 1996
• Historical Dictionary of Tunisia DT244 .P47 1989
• Historical Dictionary of Swaziland DT2714 .B66 2000
• Historical Dictionary of Zambia DT3037 .G76 1998
• Historical Dictionary of Morocco DT313.7 .937 1996
• Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia and Eritrea DT381 .R57 1994
• Historical Dictionary of Eritrea DT394 .K55 1998
• Historical Dictionary of Kenya DT433.515 .M39 2000
• Historical Dictionary of Tanzania DT444 .K87
• Historical Dictionary of Burundi DT449 .B85 W44
• Historical Dictionary of The Comoro Islands DT469 .C7 O88 1994
• Historical Dictionary of Ghana DT510.5 .M38 1995
• Historical Dictionary of Nigeria DT515.15 .O94 2000
• Historical Dictionary of Benin DT541.5 D4 1995
• Historical Dictionary of Guinea DT543.5 O88 1987
• Historical Dictionary of Gabon DT546.15 .G37 1994
• Historical Dictionary of Chad DT546.457 .D4 1997
• Historical Dictionary of Niger DT547.5 .D4 1997
• Historical Dictionary of Senegal DT549.5 .C57 1994
• Historical Dictionary of Mali DT551.5 .I46 1996
• Historical Dictionary of Togo DT582.5 .D4
• Historical Dictionary of Equatorial Guinea DT620.15 .L57 2000
• Historical Dictionary of Liberia DT631 .D95 2001

Asia (Includes Middle East)

• Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan DK922.14 .A23 2002
• Historical Dictionary of Myanmar DS528.34 .B43 1995
• Historical Dictionary of Laos DS555.5 .S78 1992
• Historical Dictionary of Vietnam DS556.25 .D85 1998
• Historical Dictionary of Thailand DS563.5 .M3 1995
• Historical Dictionary of Malaysia DS596 .K36 1993
• Historical Dictionary of Singapore DS610.4 .M85 1991
• Historical Dictionary of Indonesia DS633 .C75 1992
• Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Civil War DS774.5 .L48 2002
• Historical Dictionary of the People's Republic of China: 1949-1997 DS777.2 .S85 1997
• Historical Dictionary of Hong Kong and Macau DS796 .H757 R64 1992
• Historical Dictionary of Taiwan (Republic of China) DS798.96 .C67 2000
• Historical Dictionary of Lebanon DS80.9 .A28 1998
• Historical Dictionary of Tokyo DS896.1 .C93 1997

Europe (Eastern)

• Historical Dictionary of Hungary DB904 .V37 1997
• Historical Dictionary of Latvia DK504.37 .P58 1997
• Historical Dictionary of Slovenia DR1375.5 .P58 1996
• Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Croatia DR1507.5 .S74 1995
• Historical Dictionary of Bosnia and Herzegovina DR1675.5 .C88 1997
• Historical Dictionary of Romania DR215 .T74 1996
• Historical Dictionary of Bulgaria DR65 .D48 1997
• Historical Dictionary of Albania DR927 .H88 1996
• Historical Dictionary of the Gypsies (Romanies) DX115 .K46 1998

Europe (Western)

• Historical Dictionary of Late Medieval England, 1272-1485 DA175 .H56 200
• Historical Dictionary of Tudor England, 1485-1603 DA315 .H5 1991
• Historical Dictionary of the French Revolution, 1789-1799* DC147 .H57 1984 v.1-v.2
• Historical Dictionary of the Napoleonic Era DC147 .N34 2002
• Historical Dictionary of the Wars of the French Revolution DC147 .R7 1998
• Historical Dictionary of France from the 1815 Restoration to the Second Empire* DC256 .H57 1987 v.1-v.2
• Historical Dictionary of the Third French Republic, 1870-1940* DC337 .H57 1986 v.1-v.2
• Historical Dictionary of France DC35 .R39 1998
• Historical Dictionary of World War II France* DC397 .H58 1998
• Historical Dictionary of French Fourth and Fifth Republics, 1946-1991* DC401 .H57 1992
• Historical Dictionary of Modern Italy DG555 .G5 1999
• Historical Dictionary of Belgium DH511 .S73 1999
• Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Empire, 1402-1975* DP56 .H57 1992
• Historical Dictionary of Portugal DP535 .W44 1993

South America

• Biographical Dictionary of Latin America and Caribbean Political Leaders F1414.2 .B48 1988
• Historical Dictionary of Cuba F1754 .S83 2001
• Historical Dictionary of Colombia F2254 .D38 1993
• Historical Dictionary of Brazil F2504 .L46
• Historical Dictionary of Chile F3054 .B5 1987

United States

• Historical Dictionary of the 1950's E169.12 .O44 2000
• Historical Dictionary of the Civil Rights Movement E185.61 .L84 1997
• Historical Dictionary of the American Revolution E209 .M36 1999
• Historical Dictionary of the Civil War E468 .J777 2002 v.1-v.2
• Historical Dictionary of the Progressive Era, 1890-1920* E661 .H6 1988
• Historical Dictionary of the 1920's : From World War I to the New Deal, 1919-1933 E784 .O44 1988
• Historical Dictionary of the Great Depression, 1929-1940* E801 .H57 2001
• Historical Dictionary of the 1970's E839 .H57 1999
• Historical Dictionary of the 1960's E841 .H58 1999

World

• Historical Dictionary of World War II D767.9 .W43 1999
• Historical Dictionary of The Holocaust D804.25 .F57 1999
• Historical Dictionary of Byzantium DF552 .R67
• Historical Dictionary of the Vikings DL65 .H62 2003
• Historical Dictionary of Arab and Islamic Organizations DS36.55 .C57

Organizations & Associations

Cultural Institutions

Indianapolis

• Butler University Special Collections/Archives
  "Established in 1987, the archives preserve the institutional, physical, scholarly, and, to some extent, the personal history of the university, its programs, facilities, and people. Strengths of special collections cover such areas as Jean Sibelius, Abraham Lincoln, Kin Hubbard, Gaar Williams, 15th to 19th century botanical and zoological prints, early educational materials, 19th-century American sheet music, and African American poets." (from website)
• Chris Gonzales GLBT Library and Archives Contains primary resources related to the history and development of the organized GLBT community in Indianapolis
• Historic Landmarks Foundation
  "Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana saves and restores irreplaceable architectural heritage, from outstanding national landmarks like West Baden Springs to modest historic houses, barns and bridges. If you're interested in the historic preservation and restoration of Indiana landmarks or heritage tours and visiting historic sites, you've come to the right place." (from website)
  
• Indiana Historical Society
  Since 1830, the Indiana Historical Society has been "collecting preserving, interpreting and disseminating Indiana history" and is "one of the largest archival repositories of material on the history of Indiana and the Old Northwest." Over 25,000 digital images are contained in the Collections section.. (from website)
  
• Indiana State Archives
  "The Indiana State Archives is the official repository of Indiana government records of permanent historical and legal significance. It principally contains records generated by state government and state agencies, but also holds a major collection of county and local government records." (from website)
• Indiana State Library
  "Through its history, the Indiana State Library has developed strong collections in the fields of Indiana history and culture, Indiana state government and United States government publications, Indiana newspapers, genealogy and family history resources on Indiana and the eastern United States, Braille, large print, and books on tape for the visually impaired, library science, and American history, politics, and economics." (from website)
• IMCPL (Indianapolis-Marion County Public Library)
  "IMCPL's collection of over 2.1 million items includes a variety of formats: books, books on tape, magazines, large print materials, audiocassettes, videocassettes, compact discs and DVD's. Foreign language materials are an integral part of the Library's collection." (from website)
• IUPUI Image Collection
  "This collection of digital images visually represents IUPUI's history and development as a teaching facility, an academic institution, a continually transforming campus, and a group of ever growing students, faculty, and staff." (from website)
• IUPUI Ruth Lilly Special Collections/Archives
  Contains significant primary sources for the study of:
  • Philanthropy (including the records of foundations, nonprofit organizations, fund raising firms, associations, and individuals)
  • German-Americana (including the records of national and local organizations)
  • Individuals and organizations with ties to the University and Indianapolis (General Collections)
  • History of IUPUI preserving the official records of IUPUI and its various predecessor institutions.
  • IUPUI University Archives

National

• Listing of State Archives + Historical Societies
  Provided by the Ohio Historical Society, contains some dead links, but overall useful site.
• National Archives The National Archives is responsible for permanently preserving important historical and legal documents that are created in the course of business conducted by the United States Federal government
  • National Archives Research Page
    Contains enormous amount of primary material including images, maps, movies, and electronic records.
• Smithsonian Institution
  Research and educational institution funded by the federal government and other endowments that is committed to promoting innovation, research and discovery in science.
  • Smithsonian Institution Research Page
    Primary material can be found in Online Collections & Datasets, Libraries, and Archives sections.

Primary Resources & More

What is a primary resource?

• Using Primary Sources on the Web
  Online guide to using primary resources provided by the University of Washington. Includes information on defining, finding, and evaluating primary resources.
• Primary vs. Secondary Sources
  Defintions, Examples, and Specific Examples sections explain the difference between primary and secondary sources. Provided by the Borough of Manhattan Community College Library.

For a tutorial, click here.(Provided by the University of Washington)

Digital Primary Resources 

General History

• Center for History and New Media (Projects section)
  Produced by George Mason University, this resource offers multiple search engine. "There are literally thousands of links to historic journals, to Web sites for departments of history throughout the world, and to other sites that offer digital historical information." -Choice Magazine
• Guide to Historical Newspapers, Library of Congress
  The Library of Congress has created a how-to guide for researching historic newspapers. Includes links to indexes and full-text, online, digitized historic newspaper collections across the US and beyond.
• Historical New York Times
  (scroll to Historic New York Times) Searchable online database which houses a digitized version of New York Times back to mid 1800's.
• History and Politics Out Loud
  A searchable archive of politically significant audio materials. Includes audio from Franklin D. Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Winston Churchill among others.
• In the First Person
  • An index to letters, diaries, oral histories and personal narratives.
• New York Public Library Digital Library Collection
  Gateway to the New York Public Library's (NYPL) "rare and unique" (from the website) online digital collections. Includes searchable databases, online exhibitions, and digital texts.
• Readers' Guide Retrospective (Wilson) Readers' Guide Retrospective is a database containing comprehensive indexing of the most popular general-interest periodicals published in the United States and reflects the history of 20th century America.
• Time Magazine Archive
  A selection of Time Magazine full-text articles from 1923-present. Considered a popular resource, not a scholarly resource.

World History

• 17th and 18th Century Burney Collection  (Gale)
  The newspapers and news pamphlets gathered by the Reverend Charles Burney (1757 - 1817) represent the largest single collection of 17th and 18th century English news media. The 700 or so bound volumes of newspapers and news pamphlets were published mostly in London, however there are also some English provincial, Irish and Scottish papers, and a few examples from the American colonies, Europe and India.
• 19th Century British Library Newspapers  (Gale)
  19th Century British Library Newspapers contains full runs of influential national and regional newspapers representing different political and cultural segments of the 19th century British society.
• 19th Century UK Periodicals  (Gale)
  19th Century UK Periodicals is a major multi-part series which covers the events, lives, values and themes that shaped the 19th century world. It is mainly based on the repositories of the British Library, the National Library of Scotland, the National Library of South Africa, the National Library of Australia, and many others.
• Acta Sanctorum
  "The Acta Sanctorum Database is an electronic version of the complete printed text of Acta Sanctorum, from the edition published in sixty-eight volumes by the Société des Bollandistes in Antwerp and Brussels. It is a collection of documents examining the lives of saints, organised according to each saint's feast day, and runs from the two January volumes published in 1643 to the Propylaeum to December published in 1940. The Acta Sanctorum Database contains the entire Acta Sanctorum, including all prefatory material, original texts, critical apparatus and indices. Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina reference numbers, essential references for scholars, are also included"-database website.
• Archives Unbound  (Gale)
  Archives Unbound addresses students and scholars' pressing need to see primary, unpublished archival documents. There is no better way to study the past than through consultation of primary source documents. Archives Unbound presents topically-focused digital collections of historical documents that support the research and study needs of scholars and students at the college and university level.
• Avalon Project
  Launched by Yale University Law School, this site offers primary Anglo and American documents from the fields of Law, History, Economics, Politics, Diplomacy and Government. Allows user to browse by century and includes a search engine.
• Britannia-Documents
  Includes transcription of significant documents in British history including those created during the Middle Ages.
• British and Irish History at IUPUI, History Guide
  Created by IUPUI history faculty, Dr. Jason Kelly, this guide includes links to freely avialable online primary resource material for Irish and British studies.
• British and Irish Women's Letters and Diaries (Alexander Street Press) British and Irish Women's Letters and Diaries is the largest collection of British and Irish women's diaries and correspondence ever assembled. Spanning more than 300 years, it brings the personal experiences of nearly 500 women to researchers, students, and general readers.
• British History Online
  British History Online is the digital library containing some of the core printed primary and secondary sources for the medieval and modern history of the British Isles. Free registration is required for full-text access. Includes local, geography, urban, Parliamentary, and religious history of all areas of Great Britain including Wales, from 11th to 19th century. \
• British Newspapers 1600-1900  (Gale)
  The British Newspapers 1600-1900 is the most significant digital collection of British historic newspapers. New conservation and imaging techniques and a new cross-searchable platform adopted by the British Library offers unparalleled access and discoverability to this valuable historical and cultural archive. In addition one will find specially commissioned essays and contextual materials written by expert scholars intended to help non-specialist users with perspective and analysis.
• British Periodicals (ProQuest) This database provides access to the searchable full text of hundreds of periodicals from the late seventeenth century to the early twentieth, comprising millions of high-resolution facsimile page images. Topics covered include literature, philosophy, history, science, the social sciences, music, art, drama, archaeology and architecture.
• Conditions and Politics in Occupied Western Europe, 1940-1945  (Gale)
  offers fully word-searchable original British Foreign Office documents from the National Archives of the UK, representing the majority of Britain's information flow from occupied territories in Europe, and from Germany itself after the cessation of normal peacetime diplomatic channels. Resistance, economic and social conditions and intelligence operations are all reported through telegrams, letters, coded messages and reports, and this documentary material is contextualised by a Chronology of World War II, cine film footage from the Imperial War Museum London and newly commissioned essays on life under German occupation in France by Prof. Rod Kedward, the Low Countries by Dr Dirk Martin and Norway by Dr Chris Mann. File selection and Introduction by Michael Stenton.
• The Economist Historical Archive 1843-2006  (Gale)
  The Economist Historical Archive 1843-2006 ('EHA') is the fully searchable complete facsimile edition of The Economist, the weekly paper which is essential reading for anyone engaged in politics, current affairs and all aspects of business and trade worldwide. In 8,000 issues and more than 600,000 pages, EHA offers full-colour images, multiple search indexes, topic and area supplements and surveys, together with a gallery of front covers and a selection of exportable financial tables. Altogether this is an unrivalled multidisciplinary primary source for researching and teaching the 19th and 20th centuries. 
• Eighteenth Century Collections Online  (Gale)
  Use Eighteenth Century Collections Online to access the digital images of every page of books published during the 18th Century. With full-text searching of millions of pages, the product allows researchers new methods of access to critical information in the fields of history, literature, religion, law, fine arts, science and more.
• EuroDocs: Primary Historical Documents from Western Europe
  This website, housed by the Harold B. Lee Library of Brigham Young University, is essentially a bibliography of other websites that contain primary documents. This site will lead you to sites that contain selections of transcriptions, facsimiles, and translations. From this homepage you will find a listing of countries. Within each country is a listing of topics and/or time periods. Within each topic or time period you will find websites that link to primary documents.
• FirstWorldWar.com
  Sections include Vintage Audio, Vintage Video, Memoirs and Diaries, Propaganda Posters, and Primary Documents.
• History Resource Center- World
  Features over 500,000 pages of 1,500 primary documents, along with maps, images, and numerous secondary resources. "The primary purpose of the History Resource Center: World is to provide students, their teachers, and library patrons with a single place to begin researching the vast topic of world history from B.C.E. to the present." -History Resource Center website
• Holocaust History Project
  From the website, "The Holocaust History Project is a free archive of documents, photographs, recordings, and essays regarding the Holocaust, including direct refutation of Holocaust-denial." Majority of items are primary documents produced by German military, for example one doctor gives a witness account of gassings at Auschwitz.
• Internent Library of Early Journals: A digital library of 18th and 19th century journals
  A joint project by the Universities of Birmingham, Leeds, Manchester and Oxford. Inlcudes full-text PDF versions of articles from the following journals: Gentleman's Magazine, The Annual Register, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Notes andQueries, The Builder, and Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine.
• Imperial War Museum collections on-line
  Searchable site that is a digital repository of over 160,000 items in the Imperial War Museum's collection. Mainly covers Great Britain's war role in the 20th century.
• Library of Congress Portals to the World
  Electronic resources from around the world, selected by subject experts at the Library of Congress, therefore the sites are known to be scholarly and contain quality sources. Begin browsing by country. You will find that most countries will contain links to digitized primary resources.
• Patrologia Latina
  "The Patrologia Latina Database is an electronic version of the first edition of Jacques-Paul Migne's Patrologia Latina, published between 1844 and 1855, and the four volumes of indexes published between 1862 and 1865. The Patrologia Latina comprises the works of the Church Fathers from Tertullian in 200 AD to the death of Pope Innocent III in 1216. The database contains the complete Patrologia Latina, including all prefatory material, original texts, critical apparatus and indexes. Migne's column numbers, essential references for scholars, are included"-database website.
• The Times Digital Archive (Gale)
  The Times Digital Archive provides convenient access to an extraordinary library of back issues of this renowned newspaper online.
  By taking the microfilm collection of The Times (London) and producing a high-resolution digital format with searchable images, The Times Digital Archive represents unprecedented access to one of the most highly regarded resources for the study of 18th century history and onward.
  The World War I Document Archive
  Documents pertaining to WWI. One particularly pertinent section on this website is Memorials, Personal Reminiscences.
• WWWVirtualLibrary-History Index-Medieval Europe
  Scroll down to ON-LINE MEDIEVAL TEXTS and you will find a list of links to various websites which house digital versions of primary documents.
  

American History

• AmDocs: Documents for the Study of American History
  A section of the WWW Virtual Library. A chronological listing of primary documents and maps related to American History.
• The American Civil War: Letters and Diaries
  An excellent resource for the American Civil War contains 2,009 authors and approximately 100,000 pages of diaries, letters and memoirs. Includes table of contents, as well as simple and advanced search options.
• American Memory Project-Library of Congress
  Housing more than 7 million digitized items, this collection contains items relating to U.S. history, people, politics, and culture. Items include photographs, maps, illustrations, manuscripts, diaries, sheet music, motion pictures, and sound recordings.
• American Memory Timeline (relates to American Memory Project)
  "This resource was developed to help teachers and students use the vast online collections of the Library of Congress. The links to the right will lead you to sets of selected primary sources on a variety of topics in United States History. The sets are arranged by chronological period." (from the website)
• American Periodicals Series Online (ProQuest) 
  Over 1,100 periodicals that first began publishing between 1740 and 1900, including special interest and general magazines, literary and professional journals, children's and women's magazines, and many other historically-significant periodicals.
• American Women's History: A Research Guide
  Women's history research guide page from Middle Tennessee State University. Features digital collections of primary sources, as well as tools for finding primary resources.
• Amistad Digital Archive (Columbia University)
  While the educational guides on the site are geared towards a middle and high school audience the primary resources, including: photographs, audio, video, and documents, are of use to all research levels.
• Black Thought & Culture (Alexander Street Press) When complete, Black Thought and Culture will provide approximately 100,000 pages of monographs, essays, articles, speeches, and interviews written by leaders within the black community from the earliest times to the present. The collection is intended for research in black studies, political science, American history, music, literature, and art. The collection begins with the works of Frederick Douglass and is targeted to include the works of W.E.B. Du Bois, Carter G. Woodson, Alain Locke, Mary McLeod Bethune, Booker T. Washington, Marcus Garvey, Langston Hughes, Richard Wright, Ralph Ellison, Ralph Bunche, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, Jr., Angela Davis, Houston Baker, Jesse Jackson, Ida B. Wells, Bobby Seale, and many others.
• Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers (Library of Congress)
  "This site allows you to search and read newspaper pages from 1900-1910 and find information about American newspapers published between 1690-present. Chronicling America is sponsored jointly by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Library of Congress as part of the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP)" - Chronicling America Homepage.
• Civil Rights Digital Library (University of Georgia)
  "The Civil Rights Digital Library promotes an enhanced understanding of the Movement by helping users discover primary sources and other educational materials from libraries, archives, museums, public broadcasters, and others on a national scale"- Homepage.
• Digital History A collaborative project hosted by the University of Houston's website.
• Documenting the American South
  "Documenting the American South (DocSouth) is a digital publishing initiative that provides Internet access to texts, images, and audio files related to southern history, literature, and culture. Currently DocSouth includes ten thematic collections of books, diaries, posters, artifacts, letters, oral history interviews, and songs." (from website)
• Early American Imprints, Series I: Evans 1639-1800
  "Based on Charles Evans' American Bibliography this database lists books published in 17th- and 18th-century America and links to images of the books themselves." -University of Virginia Libraries
• Early Encounters in North America: Peoples, Cultures, and the Environment
  "This release of Early Encounters in North America contains 1,482 authors and over 100,000 pages of letters, diaries, memoirs and accounts of early encounters. Particular care has been taken to index the material so that it can be used in new ways." (from website)
• Historical Statistics of the United States
  "Contains quantitative historical information covering virtually every quantifiable dimension of American history: population, work and welfare, economic structure and performance, governance, and international relations, all from the earliest times to the present. Users will be able to graph individual tables or to combine data from different tables into "custom tables" and to download tables for use in spreadsheets and other applications."--Cambridge University Press website
• History Resource Center - United States
  Features over 100,000,000 pages of more than 5,000 primary documents, along with maps, images, and numerous secondary resources. "The primary purpose of the History Resource Center: U.S. is to provide students, their teachers, and library patrons with a single place to begin researching the vast topic of U.S. history from the earliest days of discovery and exploration to the present." (from the website)
• Making of America by University of Michigan and Cornell University
  A digital library of primary sources in American social history primarily from the antebellum period through reconstruction. These collections are particularly strong in the subject areas of education, psychology, American history, sociology, religion, and science and technology.
• Nineteenth Century U.S. Newspapers (Gale)
  With digital facsimile images of both full pages and clipped articles for hundreds of 19th century U.S. newspapers and advanced searching capabilities, researchers will be able to research history in ways previously unavailable. For each issue, the newspaper is captured from cover-to-cover, providing access to every article, advertisement and illustration.
• North American Immigrant Letters, Diaries and Oral Histories
  "Includes 2,162 authors and approximately 100,000 pages of information, so providing a unique and personal view of what it meant to immigrate to America and Canada between 1800 and 1950. Composed of contemporaneous letters and diaries, oral histories, interviews, and other personal narratives, the series provides a rich source for scholars in a wide range of disciplines." (from website)
• North American Women's Letters and Diaries
  "Includes the immediate experiences of 1,325 women and 150,000 pages of diaries and letters. Particular care has been taken to index this material so that it can be searched more thoroughly than ever before." (from website)
• Sabin Americana, 1500-1926
  Based on Joseph Sabin's landmark bibliography, this collection contains works about the Americas published throughout the world from 1500 to the early 1900's. Included are books, pamphlets, serials and other documents that provide original accounts of exploration, trade, colonialism, slavery and abolition, the western movement, Native Americans, military actions and much more. With over 6 million pages from 29,000 works, this collection is a cornerstone in the study of the western hemisphere.
• Sixties: Primary Documents and Personal Narratives 1960 - 1974 (Alexander Street Press)The Sixties: Primary Documents and Personal Narratives 1960–1974 brings the 1960s alive through diaries, letters, autobiographies and other memoirs, written and oral histories, manifestos, government documents, memorabilia, and scholarly commentary. With 150,000 pages of material at completion, this searchable collection is the definitive electronic resource for students and scholars researching this important period in American history, culture, and politics. The database currently has over 38,000 pages.
• Slavery and Anti-Slavery: A Transnational Archive (Gale) Slavery and Anti-Slavery is a four-part collection devoted to the transatlantic history of slavery. It includes books, manuscripts, court records, and serials. The first part, Debates over Slavery and Abolition, documents the debates surrounding slavery and its abolition in the U.S. but also in the UK and other European countries, the Caribbean, Latin America, and Africa. Future parts are Slave Trade in the Atlantic World, Institution of Slavery, and Age of Emancipation. Once completed, it will include over 5 million pages.
• U.S. Supreme Court Records and Briefs, 1832-1978  (Gale)
  Containing nearly 11 million pages of records and briefs brought before the U.S. Supreme Court in the period 1832-1978, this product provides an essential primary source tool for the study of all aspects of American history as well as the U.S. judicial system.
• Women and Social Movements in the United States (1600-2000) (Alexander Street Press) This Worldwide Web site is intended to serve as a resource for students and scholars of U.S. history and U.S. women's history. Organized around the history of women in social movements in the U.S. between 1700 and 2000, the website seeks to advance scholarly debates and understanding at the same time that it makes the insights of women's history accessible to teachers and students at universities, colleges, and high schools.
• Women' Working, 1800-1930
  "Focuses on women's role in the United States economy and provides access to digitized historical, manuscript, and image resources selected from Harvard University's library and museum collections. The collection features approximately 500,000 digitized pages and images"-collection's website.

Census Information as Primary Resource

Recent Census Websites

• 2000 Census
  Provided by the U.S. government, this website serves as a gateway to statistics from the 2000 U.S. Census that contains quick facts, figures, and multiple search options.
• 1990 Census
  Provided by the U.S. government, this website serves as a gateway to statistics from the 1990 U.S. Census that contains quick facts, figures, and multiple search options.

Older Census Figures

• Historical Census Browser
  Provided by the University of Virginia, "Allows you to manipulate population census data for any census year from 1790 to 1960. After selecting the year, choose from the lists of variables based on the questions asked in the census that year." -University of Virginia Libraries
• Selected Historical Decennial Census Population and Housing Counts
  Provided the U.S. Census Bureau, this page contains a variety of information on every census from 1790 through 2000. Contains numerous facts, figures, and statistical abstracts, along with questionnaires and instructions from each census. Includes historic census data from the Decennial Censuses from 1790-1860, 1990, 2000 (PDF). Contains comments and Table of Contents on 1870-1980 Censuses
• IUCAT
  Indiana and United States census information can be found in IUCAT using search terms such as the following: 1. United States Census, 20th, 1980 and 2. 1970 census of population.

Book Reviews

Many article indexing databases (America: History and Life, Historical Abstracts, JSTOR) actually allow you to limit your search to only book reviews by checking a box. Reviews can also be found by simply adding the word "review" to your search string. For example: women and United States and review. If you are searching for the review of a particular title try searching by that title or author.

Book Review Digest Plus and Book Review Digest Retrospective (via Wilson Web)
Indexes book reviews from a variety of subject areas including many peer-reviewed history journals. Reviews written 1905-present. An index with abstracts, may lead to full-text.

Book Review Index Online (via Gale)  A comprehensive online guide to book reviews with over five million review citations from thousands of publications.

Brief Biographical Entries (that may lead to more extensive sources)

Biography and Genealogy Master Index
"Biography and Genealogy Master Index enables users to locate biographical entries contained in more than 1,000 volumes and editions of important current and retrospective biographical reference sources. This index contains citations that point to over 15 million biographies on nearly 5 million people, living and deceased, from all time periods, geographical locations, and fields of endeavor"-- Biography and Genealogy Master Index (Gale) Website. Includes citation only does not include full-text.

Biography Resource Center
"This database integrates award-winning biographies from respected Gale Group sources with related full-text articles from hundreds of periodicals, as well as tens of thousands of images and links to hand-picked web sites. Search for people---both current and historic from all eras and fields of endeavor---based on name, occupation, nationality, ethnicity, birth/death dates and places, or gender, as well as keyword and full text. Or, combine search criteria to create a highly-targeted custom search"--Biography Resource Center (Gale) Website.

Dissertations (excellent source for "chasing footnotes")

Dissertations and Theses (Proquest)
Includes full-text of the first 24 pages of many of the dissertations and some items can be downloaded in entirety, free of charge. Use Illiad (inter-library loan) to request entire dissertation.